This system is made up of adsorption clarifiers and mixed media filters, in addition to a chemical feed system. The recommended chemical feed system consists of:

• 1 to 2 mg/L ozone
• 10 to 20 mg/L of alum
• 1 to 10 mg/L of cationic polymer
• 10 to 20 mg/L of powdered activated carbon
• 0.1 to 0.5 mg/L of monionic polymer
• 20 to 40 mg/L of sodium hydroxide

Separate feed systems for these various chemicals must be used. To the above list we must, of course, add chlorine.

The City of Saskatoon, when treating possibly the best surface water in Saskatchewan (the South Saskatchewan River, which is mostly imported water from the Rocky Mountains), uses the following chemicals: potassium permanganate, alum, lime, chlorine gas, ammonia, and fluoride.

Farmers and small communities are faced with source waters that, in some cases, have to be diluted with distilled water 10 times to get to the quality of the South Saskatchewan River. Therefore, not only is it too complicated to use the chemical brew technique to treat individual and small community supplies but the problems of these waters are much worse!

Solutions to the problems of small users are long overdue. We expect that by combining new emerging technologies and old appropriate technologies with dugout and watershed management, we will be able to achieve results comparable to chemical brew techniques. The requirement for this to succeed is a strong collaboration between all levels of government, industry and academia. Farmers no longer have time for jurisdictional quarrels and are demanding solutions.